置信区间在EXCEL中的两个计算方法
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a2af42a01008pr8.html
用Excel求置信区间
http://www.1000tj.com/HP/20100209/OTD76753.shtml
利用EXCEL求置信区间
http://hi.baidu.com/thinkover/blog/item/23564123c3c9e25a9922ed5d.html
2011年2月8日星期二
2011年1月21日星期五
What is the difference between a theorem, a lemma, and a corollary? (forwarded)
Definition — a precise and unambiguous description of the meaning of a mathematical term. It characterizes the meaning of a word by giving all the properties and only those properties that must be true.
Theorem — a mathematical statement that is proved using rigorous mathematical reasoning. In a mathematical paper, the term theorem is often reserved for the most important results.
Lemma — a minor result whose sole purpose is to help in proving a theorem. It is a stepping stone on the path to proving a theorem. Very occasionally lemmas can take on a life of their own (Zorn’s lemma, Urysohn’s lemma, Burnside’s lemma, Sperner’s lemma).
Corollary — a result in which the (usually short) proof relies heavily on a given theorem (we often say that “this is a corollary of Theorem A”).
Proposition — a proved and often interesting result, but generally less important than a theorem.
Conjecture — a statement that is unproved, but is believed to be true (Collatz conjecture, Goldbach conjecture, twin prime conjecture).
Claim — an assertion that is then proved. It is often used like an informal lemma.
Axiom/Postulate — a statement that is assumed to be true without proof. These are the basic building blocks from which all theorems are proved (Euclid’s five postulates, Zermelo-Frankel axioms, Peano axioms).
Identity — a mathematical expression giving the equality of two (often variable) quantities (trigonometric identities, Euler’s identity).
Paradox — a statement that can be shown, using a given set of axioms and definitions, to be both true and false. Paradoxes are often used to show the inconsistencies in a flawed theory (Russell’s paradox). The term paradox is often used informally to describe a surprising or counterintuitive result that follows from a given set of rules (Banach-Tarski paradox, Alabama paradox, Gabriel’s horn).
http://divisbyzero.com/2008/09/22/what-is-the-difference-between-a-theorem-a-lemma-and-a-corollary/
Theorem — a mathematical statement that is proved using rigorous mathematical reasoning. In a mathematical paper, the term theorem is often reserved for the most important results.
Lemma — a minor result whose sole purpose is to help in proving a theorem. It is a stepping stone on the path to proving a theorem. Very occasionally lemmas can take on a life of their own (Zorn’s lemma, Urysohn’s lemma, Burnside’s lemma, Sperner’s lemma).
Corollary — a result in which the (usually short) proof relies heavily on a given theorem (we often say that “this is a corollary of Theorem A”).
Proposition — a proved and often interesting result, but generally less important than a theorem.
Conjecture — a statement that is unproved, but is believed to be true (Collatz conjecture, Goldbach conjecture, twin prime conjecture).
Claim — an assertion that is then proved. It is often used like an informal lemma.
Axiom/Postulate — a statement that is assumed to be true without proof. These are the basic building blocks from which all theorems are proved (Euclid’s five postulates, Zermelo-Frankel axioms, Peano axioms).
Identity — a mathematical expression giving the equality of two (often variable) quantities (trigonometric identities, Euler’s identity).
Paradox — a statement that can be shown, using a given set of axioms and definitions, to be both true and false. Paradoxes are often used to show the inconsistencies in a flawed theory (Russell’s paradox). The term paradox is often used informally to describe a surprising or counterintuitive result that follows from a given set of rules (Banach-Tarski paradox, Alabama paradox, Gabriel’s horn).
http://divisbyzero.com/2008/09/22/what-is-the-difference-between-a-theorem-a-lemma-and-a-corollary/
2011年1月17日星期一
The Network Coding Home Page
The Network Coding Home Page
"Welcome to the Network Coding Coding Home Page. This site is meant to provide a service to the community by summarizing the main developments in network coding.
Our hope is that this site can serve as a repository and resource for researchers and scientists in the field "
"Welcome to the Network Coding Coding Home Page. This site is meant to provide a service to the community by summarizing the main developments in network coding.
Our hope is that this site can serve as a repository and resource for researchers and scientists in the field "
Bibliography of Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks
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[2] K. R. Chowdhury and I. F. Akyildiz, "CRP: A Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks," Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, vol. 29, pp. 794-804, 2011.
[3] M. Cesana, et al., "Routing in cognitive radio networks: Challenges and solutions," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 9, pp. 228-248, May 2011.
[4] "Guest Editorial Advances in Cognitive Radio Networking and Communications (II)," Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, vol. 29, pp. 673-675, 2011.
[5] Y. Zhou, et al., "Interference Minimization Routing and Scheduling in Cognitive Radio Wireless Mesh Networks," in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2010 IEEE, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[6] W. Zheng, et al., "Capacity and delay scaling laws for cognitive radio networks with routing and network coding," in MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 - MILCOM 2010, 2010, pp. 1375-1380.
[7] S. Yi, et al., "Distributed Cross-Layer Optimization for Cognitive Radio Networks," Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, pp. 4058-4069, 2010.
[8] W. Yean-Fu and L. Wanjiun, "On QoS Routing in Wireless Ad-Hoc Cognitive Radio Networks," in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Spring), 2010 IEEE 71st, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[9] X. Yang, et al., "Traffic-Aware Routing Protocol for Cognitive Network," in Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2010-Fall), 2010 IEEE 72nd, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[10] E. van den Berg, et al., "Cognitive topology control based on game theory," in MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 - MILCOM 2010, 2010, pp. 1869-1874.
[11] J. Suyang and J. B. Evans, "Cognitive Multipath Multi-Channel Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[12] J. Suyang and J. B. Evans, "Scalable Cognitive Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[13] L. Shih-Chun and C. Kwang-Cheng, "Spectrum Aware Opportunistic Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[14] P. Salvo, et al., "Hidden Primary User Awareness in Cognitive Radio Routing: The SBBO Protocol," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[15] Y. Rong, et al., "Spectrum-Aware Routing for Reliable End-to-End Communications in Cognitive Sensor Network," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[16] Z. Quanyan, et al., "Dynamic Interference Minimization Routing Game for On-Demand Cognitive Pilot Channel," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[17] G. Quansheng, et al., "Prediction-Based Topology Control and Routing in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, pp. 4443-4452, 2010.
[18] Z. Pan, et al., "Capacity and Delay Scaling in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks: Impact of Primary User Activity," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[19] X. Min, et al., "A geometric approach to improve spectrum efficiency for cognitive relay networks," Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 9, pp. 268-281, 2010.
[20] X. Liming and J. Xiaohua, "QoS multicast routing and transmission scheduling in multi-hop cognitive radio networks," in GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2010 IEEE, 2010, pp. 1487-1491.
[21] D. Lei, et al., "Software-defined joint routing and waveform selection for cognitive Ad Hoc networks," in MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 - MILCOM 2010, 2010, pp. 1454-1459.
[22] D. Lei, et al., "Cross-Layer Routing and Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive RadioAd Hoc Networks," Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, pp. 1969-1979, 2010.
[23] H. Kiam Cheng, et al., "An Opportunistic Service Differentiation Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[24] W. Jiao and H. Yuqing, "A cross-layer design of channel assignment and routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on, 2010, pp. 542-547.
[25] H. Donglin and M. Shiwen, "Cooperative Relay in Cognitive Radio Networks: Decode-and-Forward or Amplify-and-Forward?," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[26] L. Dong Heon, et al., "Joint Channel Assignment and Routing in Cognitive Radio-Based Wireless Mesh Networks," in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Spring), 2010 IEEE 71st, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[27] M. W. R. da Silva and J. F. de Rezende, "Routing in Hybrid Mesh Networks of Cognitive and IEEE 802.11 Radios," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[28] K. C. Chen, et al., "Routing for cognitive radio networks consisting of opportunistic links," Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing, vol. 10, pp. 451-466, Apr 2010.
[29] S. Chao-Fang and L. Wanjiun, "Exploiting Route Robustness in Joint Routing and Spectrum Allocation in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2010 IEEE, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[30] L. Changqing, et al., "Optimal Capacity in Underlay Paradigm Based Cognitive Radio Network with Cooperative Transmission," in Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2010-Fall), 2010 IEEE 72nd, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[31] H. M. Almasaeid, et al., "On-Demand Multicast Routing in Cognitive Radio Mesh Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[32] A. Abbagnale, et al., "Measuring the connectivity of a cognitive radio ad-hoc network," Communications Letters, IEEE, vol. 14, pp. 417-419, 2010.
[33] A. Abbagnale and F. Cuomo, "Gymkhana: A Connectivity-Based Routing Scheme for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks," in INFOCOM IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops , 2010, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[34] X. W. Zhou, et al., "Cross-layer Routing Design in Cognitive Radio Networks by Colored Multigraph Model," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 49, pp. 123-131, Apr 2009.
[35] W. Yuan and D. H. K. Tsang, "Dynamic Rate Allocation, Routing and Spectrum Sharing for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in Communications Workshops, 2009. ICC Workshops 2009. IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[36] S. Yang, et al., "Optimal traffic splitting in multi-hop cognitive radio networks," in Military Communications Conference, 2009. MILCOM 2009. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[37] K. Wooseong, et al., "COCAST: Multicast mobile ad hoc networks using cognitive radio," in Military Communications Conference, 2009. MILCOM 2009. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-7.
[38] F. Wei, et al., "Joint Optimization of Spectrum Handoff Scheduling and Routing in Multi-hop Multi-radio Cognitive Networks," in Distributed Computing Systems, 2009. ICDCS '09. 29th IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 85-92.
[39] K. Tsukamoto, et al., "On Spatially-Aware Channel Selection in Dynamic Spectrum Access Multi-Hop Inter-Vehicle Communications," in Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2009-Fall), 2009 IEEE 70th, 2009, pp. 1-7.
[40] J. Suyang and J. B. Evans, "Spectrum-Aware Routing Protocol for Cognitive Ad-Hoc Networks," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009. GLOBECOM 2009. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[41] L. Qianxi, et al., "Optimal Route Selection and Resource Allocation in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009. GLOBECOM 2009. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[42] H. Khalife, et al., "Multihop cognitive radio networks: to route or not to route," Network, IEEE, vol. 23, pp. 20-25, 2009.
[43] J. Juncheng, et al., "Relay-Assisted Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Communications, 2009. ICC '09. IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[44] R. E. Irwin and L. A. DaSilva, "Channel Assignment Based on Routing Decisions (CARD): Traffic-Dependent Topology Control for Multi-Channel Networks," in Communications Workshops, 2009. ICC Workshops 2009. IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[45] R. Hincapie, et al., "Efficient Recovery Algorithms for Wireless Mesh Networks with Cognitive Radios," in Communications, 2009. ICC '09. IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[46] I. Filippini, et al., "Minimum maintenance cost routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, 2009. MASS '09. IEEE 6th International Conference on, 2009, pp. 284-293.
[47] L. Ding, et al., ROSA: Distributed Joint Routing and Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks. New York: Assoc Computing Machinery, 2009.
[48] K. R. Chowdhury and M. D. Felice, "Search: A routing protocol for mobile cognitive radio ad-hoc networks," Computer Communications, vol. 32, pp. 1983-1997, Dec 2009.
[49] X. Bing, et al., "Reinforcement learning based spectrum-aware routing in multi-hop cognitive radio networks," in Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2009. CROWNCOM '09. 4th International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[50] I. F. Akyildiz, et al., "CRAHNs: Cognitive radio ad hoc networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 7, pp. 811-836, Jul 2009.
[51] S. Yi, et al., "A cross-layer approach to multi-hop networking with cognitive radios," in Military Communications Conference, 2008. MILCOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-7.
[52] S. Yi and Y. T. Hou, "A Distributed Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in INFOCOM 2008. The 27th Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1292-1300.
[53] Z. K. Yang, et al., "Local coordination based routing and spectrum assignment in multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networks," Mobile Networks & Applications, vol. 13, pp. 67-81, Apr 2008.
[54] I. Pefkianakis, et al., "SAMER: Spectrum Aware Mesh Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2008. DySPAN 2008. 3rd IEEE Symposium on, 2008, pp. 1-5.
[55] P. Miao, et al., "Cost design for opportunistic multi-hop routing in Cognitive Radio networks," in Military Communications Conference, 2008. MILCOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-7.
[56] M. Miao and D. H. K. Tsang, "Joint Spectrum Sharing and Fair Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2008. CCNC 2008. 5th IEEE, 2008, pp. 978-982.
[57] H. Khalife, et al., "Probabilistic Path Selection in Opportunistic Cognitive Radio Networks," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2008. IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-5.
[58] Y. Kai and W. Xiaodong, "Cross-layer network planning for multi-radio multi-channel cognitive wireless networks," Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 56, pp. 1705-1714, 2008.
[59] M. Huisheng, et al., "Spectrum Aware Routing for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks with a Single Transceiver," in Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2008. CrownCom 2008. 3rd International Conference on, 2008, pp. 1-6.
[60] R. Hincapie, et al., "QoS Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks with Cognitive Radios," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2008. IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-5.
[61] Z. Guo-Mei, et al., "STOD-RP: A Spectrum-Tree Based On-Demand Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2008. IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-5.
[62] L. Guang, et al., "Routing Metrics in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Circuits and Systems for Communications, 2008. ICCSC 2008. 4th IEEE International Conference on, 2008, pp. 265-269.
[63] M. G. Di Benedetto and L. De Nardis, "Cognitive routing models in UWB networks," in Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2008. CrownCom 2008. 3rd International Conference on, 2008, pp. 1-6.
[64] L. De Nardis and M. G. Di Benedetto, "Cognition in routing for low rate UWB networks," in Ultra-Wideband, 2008. ICUWB 2008. IEEE International Conference on, 2008, pp. 97-100.
[65] C. W. Pyo and M. Hasegawa, "Minimum weight routing based on a common link control radio for cognitive wireless ad hoc networks," presented at the Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Wireless communications and mobile computing, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 2007.
[66] R. Pal, "Efficient Routing Algorithms for Multi-Channel Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks," in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2007. DySPAN 2007. 2nd IEEE International Symposium on, 2007, pp. 288-291.
[67] C. Geng, et al., "Spectrum Aware On-Demand Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2007. DySPAN 2007. 2nd IEEE International Symposium on, 2007, pp. 571-574.
[68] C. Geng, et al., "Joint On-Demand Routing and Spectrum Assignment in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Communications, 2007. ICC '07. IEEE International Conference on, 2007, pp. 6499-6503.
[69] Z. Bing, et al., "Tree-Based Routing Protocol for Cognitive Wireless Access Networks," in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2007.WCNC 2007. IEEE, 2007, pp. 4204-4208.
[70] W. Qiwei and Z. Haitao, "Route and spectrum selection in dynamic spectrum networks," in Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2006. CCNC 2006. 3rd IEEE, 2006, pp. 625-629.
[71] I. F. Akyildiz, et al., "NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey," Computer Networks, vol. 50, pp. 2127-2159, Sep 2006.
[72] S. Krishnamurthy, et al., "Control channel based MAC-layer configuration, routing and situation awareness for cognitive radio networks," in Military Communications Conference, 2005. MILCOM 2005. IEEE, 2005, pp. 455-460 Vol. 1.
[73] X. Chungshen, et al., "A novel layered graph model for topology formation and routing in dynamic spectrum access networks," in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2005. DySPAN 2005. 2005 First IEEE International Symposium on, 2005, pp. 308-317.
[2] K. R. Chowdhury and I. F. Akyildiz, "CRP: A Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks," Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, vol. 29, pp. 794-804, 2011.
[3] M. Cesana, et al., "Routing in cognitive radio networks: Challenges and solutions," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 9, pp. 228-248, May 2011.
[4] "Guest Editorial Advances in Cognitive Radio Networking and Communications (II)," Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on, vol. 29, pp. 673-675, 2011.
[5] Y. Zhou, et al., "Interference Minimization Routing and Scheduling in Cognitive Radio Wireless Mesh Networks," in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2010 IEEE, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[6] W. Zheng, et al., "Capacity and delay scaling laws for cognitive radio networks with routing and network coding," in MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 - MILCOM 2010, 2010, pp. 1375-1380.
[7] S. Yi, et al., "Distributed Cross-Layer Optimization for Cognitive Radio Networks," Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, pp. 4058-4069, 2010.
[8] W. Yean-Fu and L. Wanjiun, "On QoS Routing in Wireless Ad-Hoc Cognitive Radio Networks," in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Spring), 2010 IEEE 71st, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[9] X. Yang, et al., "Traffic-Aware Routing Protocol for Cognitive Network," in Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2010-Fall), 2010 IEEE 72nd, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[10] E. van den Berg, et al., "Cognitive topology control based on game theory," in MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 - MILCOM 2010, 2010, pp. 1869-1874.
[11] J. Suyang and J. B. Evans, "Cognitive Multipath Multi-Channel Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[12] J. Suyang and J. B. Evans, "Scalable Cognitive Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[13] L. Shih-Chun and C. Kwang-Cheng, "Spectrum Aware Opportunistic Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[14] P. Salvo, et al., "Hidden Primary User Awareness in Cognitive Radio Routing: The SBBO Protocol," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[15] Y. Rong, et al., "Spectrum-Aware Routing for Reliable End-to-End Communications in Cognitive Sensor Network," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[16] Z. Quanyan, et al., "Dynamic Interference Minimization Routing Game for On-Demand Cognitive Pilot Channel," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[17] G. Quansheng, et al., "Prediction-Based Topology Control and Routing in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 59, pp. 4443-4452, 2010.
[18] Z. Pan, et al., "Capacity and Delay Scaling in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks: Impact of Primary User Activity," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-6.
[19] X. Min, et al., "A geometric approach to improve spectrum efficiency for cognitive relay networks," Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 9, pp. 268-281, 2010.
[20] X. Liming and J. Xiaohua, "QoS multicast routing and transmission scheduling in multi-hop cognitive radio networks," in GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2010 IEEE, 2010, pp. 1487-1491.
[21] D. Lei, et al., "Software-defined joint routing and waveform selection for cognitive Ad Hoc networks," in MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, 2010 - MILCOM 2010, 2010, pp. 1454-1459.
[22] D. Lei, et al., "Cross-Layer Routing and Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive Radio
[23] H. Kiam Cheng, et al., "An Opportunistic Service Differentiation Routing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[24] W. Jiao and H. Yuqing, "A cross-layer design of channel assignment and routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on, 2010, pp. 542-547.
[25] H. Donglin and M. Shiwen, "Cooperative Relay in Cognitive Radio Networks: Decode-and-Forward or Amplify-and-Forward?," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[26] L. Dong Heon, et al., "Joint Channel Assignment and Routing in Cognitive Radio-Based Wireless Mesh Networks," in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Spring), 2010 IEEE 71st, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[27] M. W. R. da Silva and J. F. de Rezende, "Routing in Hybrid Mesh Networks of Cognitive and IEEE 802.11 Radios," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[28] K. C. Chen, et al., "Routing for cognitive radio networks consisting of opportunistic links," Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing, vol. 10, pp. 451-466, Apr 2010.
[29] S. Chao-Fang and L. Wanjiun, "Exploiting Route Robustness in Joint Routing and Spectrum Allocation in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2010 IEEE, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[30] L. Changqing, et al., "Optimal Capacity in Underlay Paradigm Based Cognitive Radio Network with Cooperative Transmission," in Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2010-Fall), 2010 IEEE 72nd, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[31] H. M. Almasaeid, et al., "On-Demand Multicast Routing in Cognitive Radio Mesh Networks," in GLOBECOM 2010, 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[32] A. Abbagnale, et al., "Measuring the connectivity of a cognitive radio ad-hoc network," Communications Letters, IEEE, vol. 14, pp. 417-419, 2010.
[33] A. Abbagnale and F. Cuomo, "Gymkhana: A Connectivity-Based Routing Scheme for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks," in INFOCOM IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops , 2010, 2010, pp. 1-5.
[34] X. W. Zhou, et al., "Cross-layer Routing Design in Cognitive Radio Networks by Colored Multigraph Model," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 49, pp. 123-131, Apr 2009.
[35] W. Yuan and D. H. K. Tsang, "Dynamic Rate Allocation, Routing and Spectrum Sharing for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in Communications Workshops, 2009. ICC Workshops 2009. IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[36] S. Yang, et al., "Optimal traffic splitting in multi-hop cognitive radio networks," in Military Communications Conference, 2009. MILCOM 2009. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[37] K. Wooseong, et al., "COCAST: Multicast mobile ad hoc networks using cognitive radio," in Military Communications Conference, 2009. MILCOM 2009. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-7.
[38] F. Wei, et al., "Joint Optimization of Spectrum Handoff Scheduling and Routing in Multi-hop Multi-radio Cognitive Networks," in Distributed Computing Systems, 2009. ICDCS '09. 29th IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 85-92.
[39] K. Tsukamoto, et al., "On Spatially-Aware Channel Selection in Dynamic Spectrum Access Multi-Hop Inter-Vehicle Communications," in Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2009-Fall), 2009 IEEE 70th, 2009, pp. 1-7.
[40] J. Suyang and J. B. Evans, "Spectrum-Aware Routing Protocol for Cognitive Ad-Hoc Networks," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009. GLOBECOM 2009. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[41] L. Qianxi, et al., "Optimal Route Selection and Resource Allocation in Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009. GLOBECOM 2009. IEEE, 2009, pp. 1-6.
[42] H. Khalife, et al., "Multihop cognitive radio networks: to route or not to route," Network, IEEE, vol. 23, pp. 20-25, 2009.
[43] J. Juncheng, et al., "Relay-Assisted Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Communications, 2009. ICC '09. IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[44] R. E. Irwin and L. A. DaSilva, "Channel Assignment Based on Routing Decisions (CARD): Traffic-Dependent Topology Control for Multi-Channel Networks," in Communications Workshops, 2009. ICC Workshops 2009. IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[45] R. Hincapie, et al., "Efficient Recovery Algorithms for Wireless Mesh Networks with Cognitive Radios," in Communications, 2009. ICC '09. IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[46] I. Filippini, et al., "Minimum maintenance cost routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, 2009. MASS '09. IEEE 6th International Conference on, 2009, pp. 284-293.
[47] L. Ding, et al., ROSA: Distributed Joint Routing and Dynamic Spectrum Allocation in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks. New York: Assoc Computing Machinery, 2009.
[48] K. R. Chowdhury and M. D. Felice, "Search: A routing protocol for mobile cognitive radio ad-hoc networks," Computer Communications, vol. 32, pp. 1983-1997, Dec 2009.
[49] X. Bing, et al., "Reinforcement learning based spectrum-aware routing in multi-hop cognitive radio networks," in Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2009. CROWNCOM '09. 4th International Conference on, 2009, pp. 1-5.
[50] I. F. Akyildiz, et al., "CRAHNs: Cognitive radio ad hoc networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 7, pp. 811-836, Jul 2009.
[51] S. Yi, et al., "A cross-layer approach to multi-hop networking with cognitive radios," in Military Communications Conference, 2008. MILCOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-7.
[52] S. Yi and Y. T. Hou, "A Distributed Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in INFOCOM 2008. The 27th Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1292-1300.
[53] Z. K. Yang, et al., "Local coordination based routing and spectrum assignment in multi-hop Cognitive Radio Networks," Mobile Networks & Applications, vol. 13, pp. 67-81, Apr 2008.
[54] I. Pefkianakis, et al., "SAMER: Spectrum Aware Mesh Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2008. DySPAN 2008. 3rd IEEE Symposium on, 2008, pp. 1-5.
[55] P. Miao, et al., "Cost design for opportunistic multi-hop routing in Cognitive Radio networks," in Military Communications Conference, 2008. MILCOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-7.
[56] M. Miao and D. H. K. Tsang, "Joint Spectrum Sharing and Fair Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2008. CCNC 2008. 5th IEEE, 2008, pp. 978-982.
[57] H. Khalife, et al., "Probabilistic Path Selection in Opportunistic Cognitive Radio Networks," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2008. IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-5.
[58] Y. Kai and W. Xiaodong, "Cross-layer network planning for multi-radio multi-channel cognitive wireless networks," Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 56, pp. 1705-1714, 2008.
[59] M. Huisheng, et al., "Spectrum Aware Routing for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks with a Single Transceiver," in Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2008. CrownCom 2008. 3rd International Conference on, 2008, pp. 1-6.
[60] R. Hincapie, et al., "QoS Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks with Cognitive Radios," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2008. IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-5.
[61] Z. Guo-Mei, et al., "STOD-RP: A Spectrum-Tree Based On-Demand Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks," in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2008. IEEE GLOBECOM 2008. IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-5.
[62] L. Guang, et al., "Routing Metrics in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Circuits and Systems for Communications, 2008. ICCSC 2008. 4th IEEE International Conference on, 2008, pp. 265-269.
[63] M. G. Di Benedetto and L. De Nardis, "Cognitive routing models in UWB networks," in Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications, 2008. CrownCom 2008. 3rd International Conference on, 2008, pp. 1-6.
[64] L. De Nardis and M. G. Di Benedetto, "Cognition in routing for low rate UWB networks," in Ultra-Wideband, 2008. ICUWB 2008. IEEE International Conference on, 2008, pp. 97-100.
[65] C. W. Pyo and M. Hasegawa, "Minimum weight routing based on a common link control radio for cognitive wireless ad hoc networks," presented at the Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Wireless communications and mobile computing, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 2007.
[66] R. Pal, "Efficient Routing Algorithms for Multi-Channel Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks," in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2007. DySPAN 2007. 2nd IEEE International Symposium on, 2007, pp. 288-291.
[67] C. Geng, et al., "Spectrum Aware On-Demand Routing in Cognitive Radio Networks," in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2007. DySPAN 2007. 2nd IEEE International Symposium on, 2007, pp. 571-574.
[68] C. Geng, et al., "Joint On-Demand Routing and Spectrum Assignment in Cognitive Radio Networks," in Communications, 2007. ICC '07. IEEE International Conference on, 2007, pp. 6499-6503.
[69] Z. Bing, et al., "Tree-Based Routing Protocol for Cognitive Wireless Access Networks," in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2007.WCNC 2007. IEEE, 2007, pp. 4204-4208.
[70] W. Qiwei and Z. Haitao, "Route and spectrum selection in dynamic spectrum networks," in Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, 2006. CCNC 2006. 3rd IEEE, 2006, pp. 625-629.
[71] I. F. Akyildiz, et al., "NeXt generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey," Computer Networks, vol. 50, pp. 2127-2159, Sep 2006.
[72] S. Krishnamurthy, et al., "Control channel based MAC-layer configuration, routing and situation awareness for cognitive radio networks," in Military Communications Conference, 2005. MILCOM 2005. IEEE, 2005, pp. 455-460 Vol. 1.
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2010年2月1日星期一
2010年1月21日星期四
慎用 "./configure"
运行 ./configure后，ns的makefile文件会恢复到默认状态（将你添加的makefile中的语句删除）。
如果你添加过新的协议，在makefile中做了修改，当你运行./configure后，重新make ns就会报错：
“This should work unless it involves constant data structures referencing symbols
from auto-imported DLLs.trace/cmu-trace.o:cmu-trace.cc:(.text$_ZN12hdr_smcr_pkt
6accessEPK6Packet[hdr_smcr_pkt::access(Packet const*)]+0x7): undefined reference
to `hdr_smcr_pkt::offset_'
trace/cmu-trace.o:cmu-trace.cc:(.text$_ZN9hdr_wcett6accessEPK6Packet[hdr_wcett::
access(Packet const*)]+0x7): undefined reference to `hdr_wcett::offset_'
Info: resolving __timezone by linking to __imp___timezone (auto-import)
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [ns] Error 1”
因为smcr和wcett是后来添加的路由协议，都在makefile中添加了相关语句；当运行./configure后相关语句被删除，新协议未被编译，从而找不到 “xx：：offset”
因此，如果需要使用./configure,记得运行后新修改makefile；通常，重新编译时，不运行./configure应该也可以正确重新编译ns
如果你添加过新的协议，在makefile中做了修改，当你运行./configure后，重新make ns就会报错：
“This should work unless it involves constant data structures referencing symbols
from auto-imported DLLs.trace/cmu-trace.o:cmu-trace.cc:(.text$_ZN12hdr_smcr_pkt
6accessEPK6Packet[hdr_smcr_pkt::access(Packet const*)]+0x7): undefined reference
to `hdr_smcr_pkt::offset_'
trace/cmu-trace.o:cmu-trace.cc:(.text$_ZN9hdr_wcett6accessEPK6Packet[hdr_wcett::
access(Packet const*)]+0x7): undefined reference to `hdr_wcett::offset_'
Info: resolving __timezone by linking to __imp___timezone (auto-import)
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [ns] Error 1”
因为smcr和wcett是后来添加的路由协议，都在makefile中添加了相关语句；当运行./configure后相关语句被删除，新协议未被编译，从而找不到 “xx：：offset”
因此，如果需要使用./configure,记得运行后新修改makefile；通常，重新编译时，不运行./configure应该也可以正确重新编译ns
ns2问题解决经验(转)
ns2问题解决经验(转)
1) ns2的安装
i: 一般安装，进入 ns-allinone-2.xx目录后，执行： ./install 即可
ii: 安装完毕后，要设置环境变量，在.bashrc的文件末尾（ubuntu 版本中在用户目录下，如/home/weizai）增加以下语句(假设在/home/weizai/ns2work 下安装了ns-allinone-2.30)：
export NS_HOME=/home/weizai/ns2work/ns-allinone-2.30
export PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/tk8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/tk8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/otcl-1.12:$NS_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export TCL_LIBRARY=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.13/library
保存文件退出，重新打开终端，这时在终端键入 ns，应该出现%，可用./validate检查安装是否成功。
iii: 要记得安装tk和tcl， ns-allinone-2.26(含2.26)以前对应的版本是8.3，以后是8.4
以ubuntu为例，在新立德软件包管理器中就可以选择，强烈建议上网不方便或网速不快的用户使用ubuntu DVD进行安装，不少基本软件在DVD中都有，安装方便快捷。
iv: nam安装不上
* 要安装libxmu-dev包，不然无法编译通过nam-1.11，会报“没有X11/Xmu/WinUtil.h”的错误。
在ubuntu中选择安装libxmu-dev包时，libxt-dev包会关联安装。（libxt-dev 这个包也是必须的。）
* 在ubuntu8.x版本的dvd光盘中希望安装libxmu-dev，但会提示不能安装。
解决方法1：到网上下载libxmu-dev包，按照一般软件包安装步骤-configure, make, sudo make install 安装。
解决方法2： 尝试用低版本的ubuntu DVD，比如用ubuntu7.0，在新立得中添加此光盘源，而后在终端用sudo apt-get install libxmu-dev安装
v: 解决因为reldi'`，安装ns2，提示Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string,导致tcl，tk，otcl不能安装的问题(这个问题是因gcc对语法要求更加严格)：
分别进入以下3个文件夹：
*/ns-allinone-2.29/tcl8.4.11/unix/
*/ns-allinone-2.29/tcl8.4.11/tk8.4.11/unix/
*/ns-allinone-2.29/otcl-1.11/
执行命令： cp configure{,.orig} && sed "s/relid'/relid/" configure.orig > configure
更直接的该发，例如安装中提示如下错误
checking system version (for dynamic loading)... ./configure: 1: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
tcl8.3.2 configuration failed! Exiting
这时，进入 ns-allinone/tcl8.3/unix ,打开 configure文件，查找relid字符，会找到如下语句：
if test -r /etc/.relid -a "X`uname -n`" = "X`uname -s`" ; then
system=MP-RAS-`awk '{print }' /etc/.relid'`
.........................................................
if test -r /etc/.relid -a "X`uname -n`" = "X`uname -s`" ; then
system=MP-RAS-`awk '{print }' /etc/.relid'`
把 relid'`中的 '符号去掉即可，tk和otcl安装也会遇到类似问题，方法同上
补充说明：
关于2.26和2.27版本中的configure文件中“relid”字符问题，
只有tcl和tk文件夹下的unix文件夹里configure文件,以及otcl文件夹的configure有relid后面多一个单引号’的问题，去掉单引号即可
即搜索到relid'`，而后改成relid`
2) ns-allinone有一些软件包可以单独安装，比如nam-1.x等，进入相应目录后安装命令如下：
./configure;
make
sudo make install
3) 关于gcc， g++版本修改(ubuntu)
gcc -v－显示现在实用gcc版本；
gcc 按tab键，显示现在系统中已有gcc；
* 可以改变现在系统使用gcc的版本（假设原来是 gcc-4.1）；
首先，先删除原有的gcc连接，假设原来是 gcc-4.1，则进入安装gcc的目录后,假设安装在 /usr/bin下
(查看原来的gcc所在的路径：% which gcc)
cd /usr/bin
/usr/bin sudo rm gcc （这只是删除快捷方式）
第二，建立新的gcc连接 （建立新的快捷方式）
/usr/bin sudo ln -s gcc-3.4 gcc (ln -s 表示建立符号链接)
(注：分别使用gcc34、g++34、gcj34来调用GCC 3.4.0的gcc、g++、gcj完成对C、C++、JAVA程序的编译了)
相当于建立到各种gcc版本的快捷方式
g++版本修改同上
4） 关于gcc和g++安装
如果用ubuntu live cd 安装，这两个东东实际上都没有装，需要上网装或者用live dvd通过dvd安装光盘安装
5) 如果nam不能直接启动（但是在ubuntu8.x下我没有遇到这个问题，这个问题不是必然出现的）
sudo ln -s /home/wei/nsallione-2.30/ns-2.30/nam-1.12 nam /usr/bin nam
即在/usr/bin下建立一个名位nam的快捷方式指向可执行文件nam
6） 关于不同版本ns2的安装，特别是关于编译起gcc的选择
6.1)ns-2.26安装
用gcc 3.3，g++-3.3
6.2)ns-2.27安装
用gcc-3.3 和g++-3.0，在ubuntu下安装ok
6.3)ns-2.29 安装
用gcc-3.3和gcc-3.4编译不能通过，在遇到wpan模块时出错
-----------------------------
用gcc-3.4,gcc-4.1，编译不能通过，“./sctp/sctp.h:705:错误，有多余的限定'SctpAgent::'
在成员'DumpSendBuffer’'上make:***[trace/trace.o]错误1.
-----------------------------
用gcc-4.3编译不能通过,
“./sctp/sctp.h:705:错误，有多余的限定'SctpAgent::'
在成员'DumpSendBuffer’'上...
/trace/trace.cc:185警告:不建议使用从字符串常量到"char*"的转换make:***[trace/trace.o]错误1
6.4)ns-2.30安装
用gcc-3.4编译不能通过，在遇到wpan模块时出错
用gcc 4.3，g++-4.3可安装，但安装过程中显示若干警告条目，不知会有什么具体影响；
6.5)ns-2.31安装
用gcc 4.1，g++-4.1可安装，安装过程中警告条目不如用gcc4.3装ns2.30时多
6.6)ns-2.33安装
用gcc 4.3，g++-4.3可安装，但安装过程中显示若干警告条目，不知会有什么具体影响；
7）关于wpan（802.15.4模块）
ns2.30和ns2.31中均有此模块，用gcc3.3编译会出错，用gcc4则不会
出错提示如下
tag.o diffusion3/filters/rmst/rmst.o diffusion3/filters/rmst/rmst_filter.o gen/version.o gen/ns_tcl.o gen/ptypes.o common/win32.o -L/root/nsroot/ns-allinone-2.27/tclcl-1.15 -ltclcl -L/root/nsroot/ns-allinone-2.27/otcl-1.8 -lotcl -L/root/nsroot/ns-allinone-2.27/lib -ltk8.4 -L/root/nsroot/ns-allinone-2.27/lib -ltcl8.4 -lXext -lX11 -lnsl -ldl -lm
`.gnu.linkonce.t._ZN11taskPending10taskStatusEh' referenced in section `.rodata' of wpan/p802_15_4mac.o: defined in discarded section `.gnu.linkonce.t._ZN11taskPending10taskStatusEh' of wpan/p802_15_4mac.o
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [ns] 错误 1
8) 关于ubuntu 源
i: 源文件位置
/etc/apt/sources.list ，在这个文件里可以手工添加各种源
ii: 如何选择源
一种方法是把网上别人提供的源，添加到sources.list 文件中
二（推荐），在“软件源”，选择 “下载自”- “其他...”，点击“选择最佳服务器”，这时系统会帮你搜索最快的服务器（建议国家选择中国，如果你装的是英文界面，默认是美国）。
9) 在ns2中修改或添加文件后
i:修改.cc文件后
修改.cc文件后，重新make即可
i::修改.h文件后,或者默认的tcl文件（这里不是指自己写的仿真脚本）
修改.h文件后，整个ns-2.xx要重新编译，命令如下
make clean
./configure
make
sudo make install
或者以下过程更妥当
./configure
make clean
./configure
make
sudo make install
111) 其他问题描述
i:我新增完一個C++和OTCL的鏈結變數後，跑模擬都會出現warning: no class variable xx:variable_。
解決方案：
在~ns2/tcl/lib中的ns-default.tcl加入預設值後，重新編譯ns2。
1) ns2的安装
i: 一般安装，进入 ns-allinone-2.xx目录后，执行： ./install 即可
ii: 安装完毕后，要设置环境变量，在.bashrc的文件末尾（ubuntu 版本中在用户目录下，如/home/weizai）增加以下语句(假设在/home/weizai/ns2work 下安装了ns-allinone-2.30)：
export NS_HOME=/home/weizai/ns2work/ns-allinone-2.30
export PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/tk8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/tk8.4.13/unix:$NS_HOME/otcl-1.12:$NS_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export TCL_LIBRARY=$NS_HOME/tcl8.4.13/library
保存文件退出，重新打开终端，这时在终端键入 ns，应该出现%，可用./validate检查安装是否成功。
iii: 要记得安装tk和tcl， ns-allinone-2.26(含2.26)以前对应的版本是8.3，以后是8.4
以ubuntu为例，在新立德软件包管理器中就可以选择，强烈建议上网不方便或网速不快的用户使用ubuntu DVD进行安装，不少基本软件在DVD中都有，安装方便快捷。
iv: nam安装不上
* 要安装libxmu-dev包，不然无法编译通过nam-1.11，会报“没有X11/Xmu/WinUtil.h”的错误。
在ubuntu中选择安装libxmu-dev包时，libxt-dev包会关联安装。（libxt-dev 这个包也是必须的。）
* 在ubuntu8.x版本的dvd光盘中希望安装libxmu-dev，但会提示不能安装。
解决方法1：到网上下载libxmu-dev包，按照一般软件包安装步骤-configure, make, sudo make install 安装。
解决方法2： 尝试用低版本的ubuntu DVD，比如用ubuntu7.0，在新立得中添加此光盘源，而后在终端用sudo apt-get install libxmu-dev安装
v: 解决因为reldi'`，安装ns2，提示Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string,导致tcl，tk，otcl不能安装的问题(这个问题是因gcc对语法要求更加严格)：
分别进入以下3个文件夹：
*/ns-allinone-2.29/tcl8.4.11/unix/
*/ns-allinone-2.29/tcl8.4.11/tk8.4.11/unix/
*/ns-allinone-2.29/otcl-1.11/
执行命令： cp configure{,.orig} && sed "s/relid'/relid/" configure.orig > configure
更直接的该发，例如安装中提示如下错误
checking system version (for dynamic loading)... ./configure: 1: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string
tcl8.3.2 configuration failed! Exiting
这时，进入 ns-allinone/tcl8.3/unix ,打开 configure文件，查找relid字符，会找到如下语句：
if test -r /etc/.relid -a "X`uname -n`" = "X`uname -s`" ; then
system=MP-RAS-`awk '{print }' /etc/.relid'`
.........................................................
if test -r /etc/.relid -a "X`uname -n`" = "X`uname -s`" ; then
system=MP-RAS-`awk '{print }' /etc/.relid'`
把 relid'`中的 '符号去掉即可，tk和otcl安装也会遇到类似问题，方法同上
补充说明：
关于2.26和2.27版本中的configure文件中“relid”字符问题，
只有tcl和tk文件夹下的unix文件夹里configure文件,以及otcl文件夹的configure有relid后面多一个单引号’的问题，去掉单引号即可
即搜索到relid'`，而后改成relid`
2) ns-allinone有一些软件包可以单独安装，比如nam-1.x等，进入相应目录后安装命令如下：
./configure;
make
sudo make install
3) 关于gcc， g++版本修改(ubuntu)
gcc -v－显示现在实用gcc版本；
gcc 按tab键，显示现在系统中已有gcc；
* 可以改变现在系统使用gcc的版本（假设原来是 gcc-4.1）；
首先，先删除原有的gcc连接，假设原来是 gcc-4.1，则进入安装gcc的目录后,假设安装在 /usr/bin下
(查看原来的gcc所在的路径：% which gcc)
cd /usr/bin
/usr/bin sudo rm gcc （这只是删除快捷方式）
第二，建立新的gcc连接 （建立新的快捷方式）
/usr/bin sudo ln -s gcc-3.4 gcc (ln -s 表示建立符号链接)
(注：分别使用gcc34、g++34、gcj34来调用GCC 3.4.0的gcc、g++、gcj完成对C、C++、JAVA程序的编译了)
相当于建立到各种gcc版本的快捷方式
g++版本修改同上
4） 关于gcc和g++安装
如果用ubuntu live cd 安装，这两个东东实际上都没有装，需要上网装或者用live dvd通过dvd安装光盘安装
5) 如果nam不能直接启动（但是在ubuntu8.x下我没有遇到这个问题，这个问题不是必然出现的）
sudo ln -s /home/wei/nsallione-2.30/ns-2.30/nam-1.12 nam /usr/bin nam
即在/usr/bin下建立一个名位nam的快捷方式指向可执行文件nam
6） 关于不同版本ns2的安装，特别是关于编译起gcc的选择
6.1)ns-2.26安装
用gcc 3.3，g++-3.3
6.2)ns-2.27安装
用gcc-3.3 和g++-3.0，在ubuntu下安装ok
6.3)ns-2.29 安装
用gcc-3.3和gcc-3.4编译不能通过，在遇到wpan模块时出错
-----------------------------
用gcc-3.4,gcc-4.1，编译不能通过，“./sctp/sctp.h:705:错误，有多余的限定'SctpAgent::'
在成员'DumpSendBuffer’'上make:***[trace/trace.o]错误1.
-----------------------------
用gcc-4.3编译不能通过,
“./sctp/sctp.h:705:错误，有多余的限定'SctpAgent::'
在成员'DumpSendBuffer’'上...
/trace/trace.cc:185警告:不建议使用从字符串常量到"char*"的转换make:***[trace/trace.o]错误1
6.4)ns-2.30安装
用gcc-3.4编译不能通过，在遇到wpan模块时出错
用gcc 4.3，g++-4.3可安装，但安装过程中显示若干警告条目，不知会有什么具体影响；
6.5)ns-2.31安装
用gcc 4.1，g++-4.1可安装，安装过程中警告条目不如用gcc4.3装ns2.30时多
6.6)ns-2.33安装
用gcc 4.3，g++-4.3可安装，但安装过程中显示若干警告条目，不知会有什么具体影响；
7）关于wpan（802.15.4模块）
ns2.30和ns2.31中均有此模块，用gcc3.3编译会出错，用gcc4则不会
出错提示如下
tag.o diffusion3/filters/rmst/rmst.o diffusion3/filters/rmst/rmst_filter.o gen/version.o gen/ns_tcl.o gen/ptypes.o common/win32.o -L/root/nsroot/ns-allinone-2.27/tclcl-1.15 -ltclcl -L/root/nsroot/ns-allinone-2.27/otcl-1.8 -lotcl -L/root/nsroot/ns-allinone-2.27/lib -ltk8.4 -L/root/nsroot/ns-allinone-2.27/lib -ltcl8.4 -lXext -lX11 -lnsl -ldl -lm
`.gnu.linkonce.t._ZN11taskPending10taskStatusEh' referenced in section `.rodata' of wpan/p802_15_4mac.o: defined in discarded section `.gnu.linkonce.t._ZN11taskPending10taskStatusEh' of wpan/p802_15_4mac.o
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [ns] 错误 1
8) 关于ubuntu 源
i: 源文件位置
/etc/apt/sources.list ，在这个文件里可以手工添加各种源
ii: 如何选择源
一种方法是把网上别人提供的源，添加到sources.list 文件中
二（推荐），在“软件源”，选择 “下载自”- “其他...”，点击“选择最佳服务器”，这时系统会帮你搜索最快的服务器（建议国家选择中国，如果你装的是英文界面，默认是美国）。
9) 在ns2中修改或添加文件后
i:修改.cc文件后
修改.cc文件后，重新make即可
i::修改.h文件后,或者默认的tcl文件（这里不是指自己写的仿真脚本）
修改.h文件后，整个ns-2.xx要重新编译，命令如下
make clean
./configure
make
sudo make install
或者以下过程更妥当
./configure
make clean
./configure
make
sudo make install
111) 其他问题描述
i:我新增完一個C++和OTCL的鏈結變數後，跑模擬都會出現warning: no class variable xx:variable_。
解決方案：
在~ns2/tcl/lib中的ns-default.tcl加入預設值後，重新編譯ns2。
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